The structure of jacquard is very unusual. It seems to consist of several layers: the base canvas, on top of which patterns are woven. Thanks to this method, incredible 3D images are created.

To create this type of fabric, linen, woolen, cotton, silk threads, as well as polyester fibers are used. Thanks to the use of combinations of these fibers and double weaving, the fabric is strong and wear-resistant, practically does not stretch and does not change color, even after exposure to temperature changes. After the first wash, the fabric is covered with microscopic pile, thanks to which it becomes even more comfortable, softer and more pleasant to the touch.

There are three main types of this fabric:

• synthetic;
• natural;
• mixed jacquard fabric.

For the manufacture of synthetic jacquard, polypropylene and polyester are most often used. This type of fabric is unpretentious, durable and pleasant to the touch texture. There are luxury synthetic fabrics: the fibers used are the same as for less expensive models, but the quality of the workmanship is higher. Hence the more refined appearance, original structure and higher cost.

Natural jacquard is the most expensive type, since hypoallergenic and environmentally friendly fibers are used for its production, providing an exceptionally pleasant tactile sensation. provides a large selection of luxury bed linen made of natural jacquard fabric.

For the manufacture of mixed jacquard fabrics, cotton and non-woven materials are used, providing high strength to the material. This fabric is more affordable compared to natural.

Features of jacquard

This fabric is very easy to distinguish from other types. For example, unlike silk and cotton, jacquard bedding is more refined, durable and wear-resistant (even after several years of constant use and regular washing, the linen looks great).

Jacquard is similar to tapestry, but unlike the latter, jacquard fabric has a more pronounced relief pattern, noble appearance and high strength. Therefore, it is enough to buy bed linen from this fabric to make the interior of your room more refined.

Thanks to the use of a special machine, manufacturers have the opportunity to obtain fabric with very complex patterns and effects (up to imitation of hand embroidery). This is the main difference from other fabrics on which the pattern is applied with paints.

Also, such a fabric is not electrified, like, for example, silk.

Many noble fabrics are "afraid" of hot water, which cannot be said about jacquard, which easily tolerates temperature changes.

Jacquard is a technique for creating a linen, in which, with the help of special machines, the threads are guided along a certain pattern, often large and intricate. This is the main difference between fabric and printed materials: the pattern is not applied to the finished fabric, but is gradually woven from colored or plain threads.

Description, types of weaving

Threads for fabric are first dyed, then a fabric is woven from them using a special technology. The rapport of such a large-patterned fabric contains at least 45 warp threads. Jacquard is strikingly different from other fabrics in its rich, jewelry look. It is two-sided: the ornament runs along the entire length of the canvas from the front and back sides. Due to the complex production technology, the cut is expensive.

Jacquard fabrics are embossed, rough, the pattern on them is very clear. It is woven in multi-colored, monochrome or the same tone as the background. The ornament depends on the method of weaving: usually these are plant elements, geometric, oriental patterns.

Jacquard weave is divided into ordinary and complex:

1. The conventional method uses only one system of warp threads and one system of weft threads.
2. For multi-layered and multi-colored fabrics, a complex weaving method is used, with several warp and weft systems. This is how two-layer, two-sided, pile jacquards are produced.

Composition and properties

The main properties of all jacquard fabrics:

• durable due to the complex weaving and twisting of the threads;
• quite light, despite the density;
• wear-resistant, wash well;
• retain color brightness for a long time;
• do not stretch and hold their shape well;
• pleasant to the touch;
• look luxurious.

Some properties of jacquard also depend on the feedstock:

1. natural fibers- wool, cotton, linen, silk. These are hypoallergenic fabrics that are pleasant to the body.
2. Synthetic jacquard woven from polyester and polypropylene. It costs less than natural fabric, while it is also quite durable and wear-resistant. However, stuffy and poorly suited for clothing, it is excellent as upholstery, tablecloths, etc. textiles.
3. Mixed option- optimal in terms of price and quality.

Examples of jacquard fabrics and their applications

Some types of jacquard fabrics and their use:

1. A popular canvas is made from cotton - jacquard satin. Bedding sets, wardrobe elements are sewn from it. Jacquard satin consists of two colors. On one side, the pattern will be convex, on the other - depressed. Colors also change depending on the location of the fabric.
2. Delicate, light, delicate and often expensive fabric. It is used to create elite lingerie, bedding sets.
3. - shiny, iridescent and very smooth fabric made of synthetic fibers. Such fabrics are used for sewing curtains, bedspreads, covers.

Other applications of jacquard: car covers, upholstery for mattresses, furniture. The inclusion of synthetics in the composition of the fabric allows you to sew elastic, tight-fitting things. Jacquard fabrics are used both for the thinnest products and for warm winter clothes. All this allows us to consider the type of fabric as universal, despite its sophistication.

Care

Jacquard products are usually very durable, endure many washes. But the type of care depends not only on the method of weaving the threads, but also on their composition. So, thin jacquard organza requires delicate handling.

Basically, embossed fabrics are washed in warm or cold water at medium and low speeds. The use of aggressive cleaning agents is not recommended. It is better to dry jacquard away from sunlight in a straightened form. Iron the fabric with an ornament from the inside out. With proper care in accordance with the recommendations on the label, jacquard will last for many years.

A look into the past

At the beginning of the 19th century, a special loom was invented in France. It allowed the threads to be guided in a complex pattern to create a large pattern along the length of the entire matter. The name of the author of the idea was Joseph Jacquard. Modern matter bears the name of this hereditary weaver and inventor. Interestingly, modern weaving technologies are not much different from the technologies of the century before last. It is not for nothing that the master was awarded a life pension and a monument at the behest of Emperor Napoleon I for his ingenious invention.

Jacquard products were originally a privilege of the nobility. Today, affordable products are made from canvas: clothes, covers and upholstery for furniture, etc.

The fabric market is rich in various jacquard fabrics. You can pick up any jacquard product, whether it's a casual item or clothes for a celebration, bed linen or home textiles. A variety of ornaments and the use of natural and synthetic fibers make elegant jacquard affordable for any wallet.

Jacquard fabric is a fairly well-known type of material for sewing various products. Jacquard - what kind of fabric is it and where does it come from such an unusual and beautiful the name is jacquard? For the first time this fabric appeared at the beginning of the 19th century, and for more than 200 years the technology for manufacturing the material has not changed much. Jacquard - the fabric is expensive, high quality and unique, chic products are sewn from it, jacquard dresses are always a unique outfit suitable for any figure, styles are varied, but even the simplest cut will look just great from such material.

In contact with

The manufacturing process is labor-intensive, luxurious patterns are obtained due to the special specifics of the weaving of threads. The ornament and texture are based on the ancient traditions of tapestries. Therefore, looking at such an amazing fabric, it seems that this is not just a material, but a fabulous tapestry from the Middle Ages - everything is so intricate, expensive and rich. Material has a complex pattern. In the production of exclusive types, a unique pattern is usually used - a monogram or logo.

Fabric from time immemorial, the luxury of royal houses - all this is jacquard. Products from it allow you to create an individual interior in the house, an atmosphere of impeccable style. Jacquard clothing has a noble and refined appearance, is considered elite and exclusive.

Invention history

Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard hereditary weaver from Lyon, created a special loom in the first decade of the 1800s, on which it was possible to obtain a dense fabric with a large complex color relief pattern of weaving fibers. It was very difficult to create such complex patterns by hand.

The machine began to use punched cards. Hundreds of cardboard cards with specially drilled holes were used, set in a certain sequence. They created the desired ornament on the front and back sides. The technical features of the machine have not changed much, only instead of cards, computer programs are now used.

Description and composition

Volumetric multi-color patterns are achieved by a special yarn weaving technology. Thanks to this weaving, the material has excellent strength and wear resistance, retains its original appearance for a long time - the threads do not break under mechanical stress, the pattern does not wear out, the color does not fade, does not fade.

In the old days, such a fabric was made from natural fibers - cotton, linen, wool, silk. Modern jacquard often contains synthetic thread, it can be a fully synthetic fabric or mixed. natural road jacquard fabrics. The added synthetic fiber reduces the cost of the canvas, but also makes it stronger. The traditional woven pattern looks much more advantageous, it creates a special decorative effect on the material in different lighting conditions. Silk jacquard looks especially impressive and elegant. Additive or lycra gives elasticity and breathability.

It is the special weaving of threads that is a distinctive feature of jacquard products. The number of colored threads reaches ten or more, 100 or more are used to obtain special patterns. various color shades. It turns out amazing multi-color patterns with penumbra and three-dimensional images.

The thickness and density depends on the thickness of the threads used for weaving. This is what allows jacquard fabrics to be dense like a tapestry or airy like silk.

Features and properties

Jacquard products have advantages that are difficult to overestimate. The properties of the material depend on many indicators, but the main characteristics are inherent in all tissues:

The technical characteristics and composition of jacquard determine the purpose of the fabric and its properties.

Types of jacquard

Jacquard, what kind of fabric? The whole variety of jacquard products is divided into several types depending on the properties of the threads used. The most popular are:

Application of jacquard fabric

Amazing and unusual beauty, nobility and sophistication of the material, excellent properties in terms of wear resistance and ease of care, allow the wide use of jacquard fabric. Designer and casual clothes, suits, dresses, accessories are sewn from it. , luxurious table and bed linen, curtains, curtains, curtains, tablecloths, are used as upholstery and covers for upholstered furniture, as well as for the production of workwear.

The widest scope of the fabric, its unusual properties and excellent quality - all this attracts buyers, the reviews about the fabric are only positive, they speak of the durability, strength and unpretentiousness of clothes and other things made of jacquard. Therefore, today it is simply impossible to imagine the world of fabrics without jacquard products.

Reviews

It is difficult to find a person who cannot answer the question - what kind of jacquard fabric is it? In everyday life, things from it surround us literally everywhere - at home and at work, in shops and offices, at exhibitions and presentations.

Recently, she has completely switched to jacquard bedding sets. I bought the first one 5-6 years ago and still have it. superbly preserved having gone through many washes. I advise everyone. Linen does not need to be ironed, after washing you can just shake it. For those who do not like the iron - this is just a godsend!

I bought a luxurious white jacquard. What a beauty! Interestingly, the convex side is good, and smooth - great. So it asks to sew a simple sheath dress from this fabric, and to it - a jacket from the same fabric, but in a different color.

I took jacquard for lambrequins to the kitchen. The fabric is simply gorgeous, well, I really liked it - real cotton, dense. Suitable for curtains and for furniture upholstery. Curtains made - it turned out great! I also wanted the same pillows for the chairs in the dining room. I'm happy!

The technique of creating woven ornaments has been known since ancient times. To this day, a description of the ancient traditions of creating tapestries has been preserved, in which a woven pattern is created by hand.

Jacquard is a fabric that recreates the ornament and texture of tapestries, but at the same time created in an industrial way.

Most often, such material has a complex but repetitive pattern, although exclusive fabrics may also have a single unique pattern, such as a monogram or logo.

Who came up with this?

The idea of ​​​​creating a machine for the production with a relief patterned weave of fibers belongs to the hereditary Lyon weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard. It was he who guessed to change the position of the threads in the loom using cardboard cards with drilled holes, and the sequence of these cards (sometimes up to a thousand) created a given ornament, visible on both sides of the fabric.
For such an invention in 1891, Jacquard was generously awarded by the Emperor Napoleon, a monument was erected to him - and at the same time, the spread of machines for the production of jacquard led to unemployment among Lyon weavers and their uprising, which was described in history books. However, to this day, the technical methods of operation of such a machine remain the same, and its productivity is small - only computer programs are used instead of cards with holes.

Why are woven ornaments good?

The main technical characteristic of woven patterns is the maximum thread density per unit surface. As a result, jacquard fabric has the following properties that make it very attractive to use:

1. Very high strength and density.
2. Durability.
3. Easy care.
4. Beautiful appearance.

The weight of the fabric depends on the thickness of the fiber included in its composition, and the number of its shades that form the pattern. Bicolor jacquard with a high density is quite light, easy to care for.

The number of threads of different colors can reach ten, and a hundred or more threads are used to form a complex pattern.

Thin jacquard fabric, which is easy to wash and iron, is used for clothes, table and bed linen, curtains.

From dense jacquard make bedspreads, covers, used for furniture upholstery. Furniture material is often treated with special impregnations that improve its technical characteristics, in particular, repel dirt and water. Curtains made using a special dim-out technology do not let light through. To do this, they have an internal opaque layer, which is braided with decorative fibers.

What is jacquard made of?

Antique jacquard fabric was made from cotton, linen, silk, wool. Such materials are produced at the present time, however, in most cases, the composition of modern jacquard fabric contains synthetics (in whole or in part).

In inexpensive synthetic fabrics, the ornament is formed not by interlacing colored threads, but by thermal printing. However, the traditional woven pattern looks much more beautiful, and the light creates an additional decorative effect on the surface of the material.

Although it is customary to value natural fibers much more than artificial ones, the addition of elastane or lycra fibers to this elegant material gives it such properties as easy care, elasticity and breathability.

Types and purpose of fabric

The most common types of jacquard are:

• jacquard, which includes cotton, often with the addition of synthetic fibers. Depending on the thickness and texture, it is used for clothing, decorative textiles, upholstery;
• satin - jacquard (based on cotton, sometimes with a small addition of synthetics), which is used mainly for tailoring elite bed linen;
• stretch - jacquard, to which elastic synthetic fibers are added. This fabric stretches well, passes air, it is used mainly for clothes and orthopedic mattresses;
• satin - polyester jacquard - an ideal material for curtains and decorative textiles, such a fabric is not demanding on washing, does not wrinkle, does not shrink, it is very easy to care for it.

The purpose and properties of jacquard fabrics are determined by two parameters - technical characteristics and composition:

1. A thin material based on natural fibers is used primarily for exclusive clothing and bed linen.
2. Synthetic jacquard, having a high density, is used for curtains and as a decorative material.
3. The most dense fabric, often with a special impregnation that makes it easier to care for, is used for furniture upholstery.

How to preserve the beauty of woven patterns?

If you are lucky enough to become the owner of an exclusive item made of expensive jacquard, then it is better to entrust its care to dry cleaning specialists. Fabrics of the middle and low price segment, as a rule, do not lose their properties if they are washed and cleaned at home (having previously studied the description of what they are made of). You need to remember only a few simple rules:

• colored jacquard is contraindicated in direct sunlight and high temperatures;
• when drying and storing jacquard fabrics, creases should be avoided;
• when cleaning a stain on the surface, one should not make great efforts so as not to disturb the structure of the fabric;
• when washing, it is desirable to use a low-temperature regime and high-quality powder without bleach and other special additives;
• spinning should be done in a centrifuge;
• jacquard fabrics must be ironed from the inside out.

Jacquard is a large-patterned fabric that is formed by interlacing warp and weft threads. Difficult, expensive and rich - these are the epithets that come to mind when you look at this amazing fabric, which is more like a fabulous tapestry than ordinary material.

How jacquard is made

Jacquard fabrics are produced both from natural threads (cotton,), and synthetic and even mixed, by jacquard weaving on a special loom. The density of the finished material depends only on the thickness of the threads included in it.

Often there are plain fabrics, but people of color make up the vast majority. In order for the jacquard to acquire the appropriate shade, two types of dyeing are used in the manufacture:

• Threads for fabric pre-painted, before weaving into the surface of the fabric. This method makes the fabric durable: it is almost impossible to discolor the created patterns;
• A pattern is applied to the finished fabric for which special paints and impregnations are used. This method is used when jacquard combines completely different threads, for example, and.

Modern Chinese Jacquard Fabric Making Machine

Properties of jacquard fabric

In addition to its amazing design, jacquard has a number of other useful properties:

• Strength- after all, jacquard usually has a density of about 250g / m2;
• Durability- the threads of the material are very tightly intertwined with each other, which has a positive effect on the quality of the final product. In addition, when weaving, the threads are also twisted. That is why the loops do not open when stretched;
• Small specific gravity- the material, despite its rigidity, is very light;
• Resistance to temperature extremes - unlike many noble fabrics, jacquard does not does not suffer from temperature changes;
• wear resistance- jacquard resists abrasion, because the threads do not break under mechanical action.

The history of the invention of jacquard fabric

Despite the fact that fabrics with multi-color weaving are familiar to the world for a very long time, for example, they were found in the tombs of the pharaohs, the material with the official name "jacquard" began its history in 1808, when the inventor, French Joseph Marie Jacquard(Joseph Marie Jacquard), presented to the world his find - a special loom. It was intended forweaving intricate patternswhich were difficult to create manually.

The issue of simplicity was solved by the fact that information about the required pattern "laid" into the machine, which reproduced it with the help of multi-colored threads. The uniqueness of the machine was the ability to control the individual thread warps in the formation of each individual direction of the loops. Strict sequence of pattern formation for each individual pattern programmed and served through perforated cards.

By the way, punch card idea after a hundred years, it was used to create the very first computers and computers (IBM). It should be noted that Napoleon generously rewarded Joseph Jacquard: he gave the inventor a pension of 3,000 francs, as well as a bonus of 50 francs for each new machine that appears in the country. And in 1840, a monument to the innovator was erected in the city of Lyon.

In this way, jacquard loom has become one of the most advanced inventions of mankind, because it remains practically unchanged, like its principle of operation, to this day. The only thing that has been improved over time is its speed and productivity. Currently, the desired pattern is scanned, information about it is entered into the computer's memory, which makes up a detailed program for the machine, taking into account all the necessary operations and their sequence.

Where is jacquard used?

Due to its beauty and amazing wear resistance, jacquard has found quite a wide application. Out of it today sew both clothes and chic table and bed linen, curtains. The fabric is also used for upholstery of upholstered furniture and in the manufacture of ties, slings and various ribbons.

Caring for jacquard fabrics

Due to the fact that jacquard can include threads of various origins and properties, Caring for one item can be quite different from caring for another.. Before you start washing or ironing a jacquard item, you must examine the label on the product, where you can often find symbols that indicate how to properly process a thing. If you did not find the necessary information on the label, the rules for caring for jacquard products are as follows:

1. Washing can be both machine and hand. However, in both the first and second cases, the water temperature should be low, about 30 ° C. Detergents are suitable the most common, for colored linen. But it is better not to use powders with bleaches;
2. Twisting jacquard is strictly not recommended. , as well as drying using the spin mode in the washing machine, you can simply squeeze out excess water with your hands, then straighten and hang the product in a room where direct sunlight will not fall on it;
3. You can iron jacquard items only from the wrong side. so as not to spoil the pattern.

Rich appearance and surprisingly useful properties in everyday life- this is what attracts buyers in jacquard, without the existence of which it is already difficult to imagine the modern world of fabrics.